![]() ![]() 1989 Yamazaki & Yamaguchi, 1989) and in the young rat causes an increase in intestinal calcium secretion, leading to impaired calcium balance ( O'Loughlin & Morris, 1994). Ovariectomy in the rat leads to a reduction in bone density at a number of skeletal sites ( Wronski et al. In addition, the role of ovarian hormones on adaptation to dietary calcium restriction is unclear, although it has been shown in humans that oestrogens modulate the end organ effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D on intestinal calcium absorption ( Gennari et al. 1979) and to gastrointestinal resistance to the action of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D ( Gennari et al. The reduced calcium absorption has been attributed variously to reduced circulating 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels ( Gallagher et al. ![]() 1991) and decreased intestinal calcium absorption ( Heaney et al. The mechanism by which ovarian hormones modulate bone mass is not fully understood, but the menopause is associated with increased renal excretion of calcium ( Nordin et al. ![]()
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